4.1. Overview of the tradable green certificates system...

4.1. Overview of the tradable green certificates system The support system for renewable energy in Romania, i.e. quota system with tradable green certificates, was launched in 2004 in order to achieve two goals: to reduce the prices for consumers and to protect the generators of renewable electricity. Wind energy, solar energy, biomass, micro hydro and geothermal energy are all sources of energy that can be supported by this system [68]. The trading of green certificates is ensured by OPCOM (green certificates market operator) who establishes the prices on the centralized market of green certificates. The green certificates are sold on the green certificates market, independently from electricity sold on the electricity market. The green†¦show more content†¦Renewable electricity producers operate both on the electricity market (as producers of electricity), and on the green certificates market (as owners of green certificates). If they do not fulfill the annual mandatory quota, then they have to pay a penalty equal to the value of the green certificates not purchased. The payment is made to Transelectrica S.A., who is the power grid company. The evolutions of the Romanian economy and energy sector, as well as the international trends have induced the necessity of updating the strategies, policies, plans and programs previously developed. The Romanian Energy Strategy for the period 2007 – 2020 updated for the period 2011 – 2020 states as the overall objective of the energy sector to meet the energy needs both now and in the medium and long term, at the lowest possible price, suitable for a modern economy, and a decent standard of living, in terms of quality and energy security, respecting the principles of sustainable development [61]. Having in mind the role of energy in society and in all economic sectors, the development of this sector is made under the supervision of the state, through the development and the implementation of the sector strategy. For the promotion of renewable energy sources the strategy envisages the following measures [61]: - Development of the use of renewable energy sources for electricity and heat production throughShow MoreRelatedValue Chain Analysis : A Competitive Strength Of The Organization1527 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities are directly concerned with the creation or delivery of a product or service (Mullins Syam, 2014). CCCC can be grouped into five main areas: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Each of these primary activities is linked to support activities which help to improve the effectiveness or efficiency for CCCC products and services. 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Copernicus Essay - 597 Words

Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Physics February 8, 2000 Nicolas Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus 1473-1543 Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473, he started his education at Cracow University. There he studied mathematics and optics. From here he went to Italy, where he was appointed as a canon in the cathedral of Frauenburg, where he spent a comfortable academic life studding. Copernicus had some small hobbies while at the cathedral, he painted, and frequently translated Greek poetry into Latin. One other hobby that just wasnt small enough to be called a hobby to most of us was astronomy. He made investigations quietly and alone, without any help. He observed from a turret on a protective wall around a cathedral, he also†¦show more content†¦(Field 1995) So you can see why Copernicus wasn’t in any big rush to have the world know about his theory. On one hand he would cause a Nicolas Copernicus tramoundous stir in the church, and all the scientific commu nity. He would’ve most likely have been fired from the comfortable church position he had for many years, and could‘ve given him a bad name. If it hadn’t been for George Rheticus, a 25-year-old German mathematics professor Copernicus’s might have never publiched his work. (Field 1995) Rheticus stayed with Copernicus for two years, and convinced him to release his work. â€Å"His work the Copernicuss heliostatic cosmology involved giving several distinct motions to the Earth. It was consequently considered implausible by the vast majority of his contemporaries, and by most astronomers and natural philosophers of succeeding generations before the middle of the seventeenth century. Its only defenders included Johannes Kepler (1571 -1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564- 1642). Strong theoretical underpinning for the Copernican theory was provided by Newtons theory of universal gravitation (1687).† (Field 1995) So Copernicus’s whole argument stated tha t the planets and the Earth were in orbit around the sun, and the moon was in orbit around the Earth. This is called the The Heliocentric System: Nicolas Copernicus In conclusion Copernicus said that the Sun was the center of the universe, and went against all known knowledge, religion, and teachings. HeShow MoreRelated Copernicus Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages Copernicus has been named one of the most influential people this millennia by Time Magazine; in part for his movements in though during the scientific revolution; creating a basis for modern astronomy and challenging the Church (of the 15th century) to lead the way to a reform in thinking. He did so by disproving (mathematically) a theory of the heavens that had existed for almost 14 centuries, established by a man named Charles Ptolemy in 250 AD. 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The Earth-centered universe of Aristotle and Ptolemy were Western thinking for almost 2000 years until the 16th century when Copernicus proposed his theory. Copernicus was born on FebruaryRead MoreThe Astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus1026 Words   |  4 Pagespeople who thought differently. One of those people, was Nicolaus Copernicus. Nicolaus Copernicus came into the world on February 19th, 1473 in Torun, Poland. He was the fourth and youngest child born to Nicolaus Copernicus Sr. and Barbara Watzenrode, an affluent copper merchant family. When Copernicus was 10 years of age, his father died. His mother’s brother, Bishop of Varmia Lucas Watzenrode, took the place as a father figure. Copernicus attended the University of Cracow in 1491. He studied many subjectsRead More The Scientific Revolution: Copernicus and Galileo Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scientific Revolution: Copernicus and Galileo The scientific revolution brought on new and important change. 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His parents both died when he was very young so he was sent to live with his uncle who was a high ranking official in the Church. Copernicus studied canon law, medicine, astronomyRead MoreEssay on The Life of Nicolaus Copernicus566 Words   |  3 PagesNicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer. He is famous for his formulation of a heliocentric theory of our galaxy. This theory suggested that the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun, which is in the center of our solar system. This heliocentric model was the opposite of what people had believed before, which was that the sun and other planets revolved around Earth. Copernicus was a genius of his time and had a breakthrough in astronomy. He is known as the initiatorRead MoreEssay on Early Life of Nicolaus Copernicus846 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplishments of Nicolaus Copernicus, who faced many of the same challenges that many great discovere rs faced in earlier times. I am also going to tell you about some of the mistakes made by Nicolaus Copernicus. Early Life of Nicolaus Copernicus: Nicolaus Copernicus is the latin name for this famous astronomer’s real name. His real name was Mikolaj Koppernigk, but lets just stick with Nicolaus Copernicus in this essay. He born in Torun, Poland on February 19th, 1473. Copernicus was born in a wealthy

Pecola Essay Example For Students

Pecola Essay The Breedlove family has moved from the rural south to urban Lorain, Ohio, and the displacement, in addition to grinding work conditions and poverty, contributes to the familys dysfunction. Told from the perspectives of the adolescent sisters, Claudia and Frieda MacTeer, Morrisons narrative weaves its way through the four seasons and traces the daughters (Pecola Breedlove) descent into madness. Through flashback and temporal shifts, Morrison provides readers with the context and history behind the Breedloves misery and Pecolas obsessive desire to have the bluest eyes. This short novel counterbalances two points of view: one, the tragic consequences of racism (in the Breedlove family), and two, agency and resistance to that racism (in the MacTeer family). The storys focus, however, is on the Breedloves, and readers are immediately faced with the dissonance between the realities of the Breedlovesand especially Pecolaslives and the chapter headings that begin with excerpts from the white, middle-class Dick Jane reader. Much as Pecolas world falls apart in the novel, the Dick Jane passages, repeated three times, degenerate into formless, meaningless print: seemothermotherisverynice. The object of scorn for her ugliness from her family and acquaintances, Pecola yearns to become beautiful and, (she thinks) as a result of her beauty, loveable. That beauty is strictly defined by white and unattainable standards; however, a Shirley Temple mug and Mary Jane candies become the emblems of that for which Pecola yearns. The same racism that underpins the stan dards of beauty under which Pecola and her mother, Pauline, suffer, is also at the root of Pecolas fathers alcoholism and violence. After he impregnates Pecola and she is beaten by her mother for it, Pecola (with the treachery of Soaphead Church, a faith healer) goes mad, believing she has obtained her blue eyes. By novels end she obsessively, repeatedly asks an imaginary other if, indeed, her eyes are the bluest. There is an interesting (and excerptable) scene in the novel when Pauline is in the hospital giving birth to Pecola. The doctors come by her bed as the attending physician says, these here women you dont have any trouble with. They deliver right away and with no pain. Just like horses. Pauline counters by moaning something awful to teach the doctors that ust cause I wasnt hooping and hollering before didnt mean I wasnt feeling pain. While the doctors have their story about Pauline, she resists their version, retelling it, talking back to medicine and to readers. This secti on raises important questions about assumptions and the ways social factors such as race, class, and gender can get in the way of hearing stories and understanding patients lives. English Essays